Explaining the meaning of the results to the reader is the purpose of the discussion section of a research paper. The discussion section should relate your study findings to those of other studies, particularly if questions raised by previous studies served as the motivation for your study, the findings of other studies support your findings [which strengthens the importance of your study results], and/or they point out how your study differs from other similar studies. Thus, areas of future research should be highlighted here. Some tips from a former journal editor for publishing research, Journal Publishing: Responding to Peer Reviewer comments, What Professionals Need to Know about Writing Well. This demonstrates to the reader you have inadequately examined and interpreted the data. Obviously, you must refer to your results when discussing them, but focus on the, https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803, Fourteen Steps to Writing to Writing an Effective Discussion Section. The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated, and to explain any new understanding or fresh insights about the problem after you've taken the findings into consideration. Citing Sources by Dr. It is important to note that all statements containing data from external sources should be properly referenced and specific to maximize the impact. Overstated conclusions should be avoided because the data does not support these statements and can mislead the reader. If appropriate, refer the reader to a figure or table to help enhance the interpretation of the data. Sometimes your professor will encourage you to expand the discussion in this way, while others don’t care what your opinion is beyond your efforts to interpret the data. So I also find sociology research paper example I have various sources. For example, if the study included only a small number of participants, you may wish to describe this limitation in the context of why so few subjects were available. But I want to write myself. Click here for the academic phrases and vocabulary for the results and discussion section of the research paper… 6. Always write the discussion for the reader; remember that the focus should be to help the reader understand the study and that the highlight should be on the study data. How to Write a Good Research Paper From title to references From submission to acceptance Presented by: Dolors Alsina, Ph.D. Executive Publisher Elsevier, Amsterdam Shanghai, China November 2014 and … How to write a discussion section. There are elements of the discussion that should be included and other things that should be avoided. Department of English Writing Guide. University of Toronto; Summary: Using it Wisely. But you can send us an email and we'll get back to you, asap. But my teacher is also caught … VI. An exercise in critical thinking. I am interested in sociology subject. But I want to write myself. When information is not cited, or unreliable/dated sources are referenced, the authors’ conclusions from the data become less convincing. Explain the Meaning of the Findings and Why They are Important. The results and discussion sections are one of the challenging sections to write. However, do not offer recommendations which could have been easily addressed within the study. When writing the discussion section, you should carefully consider all possible explanations for the study results, rather than just those that fit your prior assumptions or biases. Here's how you should write this section: 1. #3 in our DoD SBIR Grant Series: What do you give up? You should write a direct, declarative, and succinct proclamation of the study results. Writing a Research Paper Series: Discussion. The discussion section should remain focused on the findings of your study. The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. Some features of the site may not work correctly. This section is often considered the most important part of a research paper because it most effectively demonstrates your ability as a researcher to think critically about an issue, to develop creative solutions to problems based on the findings, and to formulate a deeper, more profound understanding of the research problem you are studying. The length of the discussion should fit with the type of article and maximum word count permitted for the journal. This is where you infuse your results with meaning. The purpose of the discussion is to review the study findings in light of the published literature and draw conclusions from the data. The purpose of a Results section is to present the key results of your research. Writing and Publishing an Unsolicited Review, Preparing an Effective NIH SBIR Grant Resubmission Application, Grant Proposals – Letters of Support (LOS), DoD SBIR Grant Series #4/4 : Accounting System Requirements — High Expectations. By far the most common error made in the discussion is restating the results. Respiratory Care 49 (October 2004); Kretchmer, Paul. A few historical references may be helpful for perspective but most of the references should be relatively recent and included to aid in the interpretation of your results and/or linked to similar studies. There are elements of the discussion that should be included and other things that should be avoided. Weekly versus daily changes of in-line suction catheters: impact on rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and associated costs. San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008; The Lab Report. For example: “In Fig. The sequencing of providing this information is important; first state the answer, then the relevant results, then cite the work of others. Fourteen Steps to Writing to Writing an Effective Discussion Section. Discussion Chapter: Main Goals and Writing Approaches You should always keep in […] The discussion section should relate your study findings to those of other studies, particularly if questions raised by previous studies served as the motivation for your study, the findings of other studies support your findings [which strengthens the importance of your study results], and/or they point out how your study differs from other similar studies. Revised on 2 September 2020. To ensure that the discussion is organized appropriately and contains all essential information, the following structure is recommended: Learn more about Scientific Editor Dr. Horvath. But meantime I have learned in your post so I will try to write follow these guidelines. Attention should also be paid to the journal requirements, as some journals will require that a certain percentage of the references must be published within the past 5 to 10 years. I am interested in sociology subject. Kretchmer, Paul. ALL information obtained from outside sources is cited appropriately and consistently. Remember that the data are the data: nothing more, nothing less. If more than one unexpected finding emerged during the study, describe each them in the order they appeared as you gathered the data. So I also find sociology research paper example I have various sources. Department of Biology. Therefore, be careful that you do not read more into the findings than can be supported by the evidence you've gathered. Although your study may offer important insights about the research problem, other questions related to the problem likely remain unanswered. While rarely is one manuscript affected by all of these errors, the following are the most common areas in need of improvement. Therefore, to keep the reader engaged and provide a convincing argument, an attempt should be made to be as concise as possible. Always write the discussion for the reader; remember that the focus should be to help the reader understand the study and that the highlight should be on the study data. III. You should make suggestions for further research in the discussion section. Explaining the meaning of the results to the reader is the purpose of the discussion section of a research paper. But my teacher is also caught my little paragraph mistakes, plagiarism mistakes. San Francisco Edit, 2003-2008. Describe the patterns, principles, and relationships shown by each major findings and place them in proper perspective. Analyzing vs. Summarizing. Use the same key terms, mode of narration, and verb tense [present] that you used when when describing the research problem in the introduction. No one has thought as long and hard about your study as you have. Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in 4 multidisciplinary intensive care units in Athens, PieperCH,Bolliger CT.Comparison of a new desktop spirometer (Spirospec) with a laboratory spirometer in a respiratory out-patient clinic, parison of a new desktop spirometer ( Spirospec ) with a laboratory spirometer in a respiratory out - patient clinic, Rogério Faria Vieira, Renan Cardoso Lima, Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti, View 9 excerpts, cites background and results, View 10 excerpts, cites background and results, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Discuss the study limitations and areas of future research: Aim to address 2 – 4 weaknesses of the study. Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in 4 multidisciplinary intensive care units in Athens, Greece. How to read, understand, and write 'Discussion' sections in medical articles. For example, the discussion of a case report will be much shorter than that of an original article which describes six figures. Summarize the main findings in relation to the published literature. also showed an increase in cytokine A from 0 h to 24 h.”, “Consistent with our present findings, Troger et al. These are the general rules you should adopt when composing your discussion of the results: The content of the discussion section of your paper most often includes: Keep the following sequential points in mind as you organize and write the discussion section of your paper: The objectives of your discussion section should include the following: I. Take care to ensure that: The literature is of high quality (top tier journals/English publications). This article gives doctoral dissertation students valuable guidance on how to go about writing their Discussion chapter. For example: “One limitation of the present study is the small sample size. Authors should also ensure that the references are from top tier journals to adequately support the findings of the present study. [4] found that cytokine A increased to 800 pg/mL five days following influenza infection.”. Bates College; Hess, Dean R. How to Write an Effective Discussion. Describe the generalizability of your results to other situations, if applicable to the method chosen, then describe in detail problems you encountered in the method(s) you used to gather information. also reported upregulated levels of cytokine A over the baseline values at 24 h.”. Scientists are vulnerable to the onslaught of predatory journals in the digital age. The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader's understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction. While it is understandable that the flaws in the experimental design and data are not factors that most authors wish to highlight, this section is required by most journals and should be stated. An effective conclusion is one of the most important aspects of the entire manuscript as this is the final impression that the reader has after reading the study. Published on 21 March 2019 by Shona McCombes. I also cite my research papers properly. The order of interpreting each major finding should be in the same order as they were described in your results section. to formulate a deeper, more profound understanding of the research problem you are studying. 1 sentence describing the main conclusion(s). Specialized, Comprehensive and Affordable Research Support Services. Note any unanswered questions or issues your study did not address, and.... Analyzing vs. Summarizing. University College Writing Centre. Great tips for write research papers but my teachers show very strictness in research paper writing. Writing in Psychology course syllabus. This is the section where you need to present the importance of your study and how it may be able to contribute to and/or fill existing gaps in the field. Predatory Journals – The Bane of Scientific Publishing By Dr. Dutt, ScienceDocs Biomedical Editor   Scientific research is relevant... Publishing your research: an Editor’s perspective written by Dr. Smith, ScienceDocs Psychology Editor   In this post I will... Fine Tune Your Keywords In academia and the sciences, there are several reasons for needing good keywords, the words... written by Dr. Smith, ScienceDocs Psychology Editor   One issue that many researchers, particularly those early in their careers,... How to respond to peer reviewer comments after you submit your article to a journal By ScienceDocs Grant Writer... What Professionals Need to Know about Writing Well Almost all white-collar workers believe that good writing skills are important... Great tips for write research papers but my teachers show very strictness in research paper writing. The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader's understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction. No study is so novel or possesses such a restricted focus that it has absolutely no relation to other previously published research. One of the most frequently neglected aspects of a discussion is the mention of the study limitations. Explain the Meaning of the Findings and Why They are Important. Avoid using an apologetic tone; however, be honest and self-critical. Another common error is the cited literature throughout the discussion. The transformation how to write discussion in research paper pdf In addition, the discussion should be used to support the implications of the authors’ findings and convincingly showcase the novelty of the study. It is far better for you to identify and acknowledge your study’s limitations than to have them pointed out by your professor! Before concluding the discussion, identify potential limitations and weaknesses. Think of your discussion as an inverted pyramid. Relate the Findings to Similar Studies, No study is so novel or possesses such a restricted focus that it has absolutely no relation to other previously published research. Department of Defense — DoD SBIR Grant Series — Part 2, Department of Defense — DoD SBIR Grant Series — Part 1, Choosing the right outlet to publish research. This part of the paper is not strictly governed by objective reporting of information but, rather, it is where you can engage in creative thinking about issues through evidence-based interpretation of findings. Begin the discussion with an opening paragraph summarizing the purpose and main approach of the study: 1 sentence reiterating the purpose of the study. The discussion section should end with a concise summary of the principal implications of the findings regardless of statistical significance. Begin this part of the section by repeating what you consider to be your most important finding first. If a study that you cited disagrees with your findings, don't ignore it--clearly explain why the study's findings differ from yours. Care should be taken that the findings are summarized in the context of the published literature and not simply a reiteration of the results section.

Content Writer Skills Resume Dissertation, Opinion Writing Paragraph Frames Essay, Nursing Proficiency Writing Examples Essay, Write My Paper Now Dissertation, Personal Statement Editing Service Residency Coursework, George Orwell On Writing Pdf Essay, How To Write Effectively Coursework, Ethical Topics To Write About Coursework, Thesis Writing Software,