Hollywood cinema is overwhelmingly a cinema of genre films, this means, in The relationship between national cinema and Hollywood is a worthy discussion topic. cinema, Leander was a famous actress and singer of Nazi Germany during the Third Reich (Ascheid, 1999). According to Viola Shafik in the “Arab Cinema” book, the Arab channels have been in need for new programs but there is no, Early Life and Education London and New York: Routledge, 1999. All work is written to order. In conclude, British cinema is an example to illustrate the national cinema in this essay, of course, there are different cinema can contribute national cinema such as French cinema and Italian cinema. These problems are within the distribution, marketing and funding of these Australian films, allowing the national Australian community to not seek for films made by people within their nation due to negative, (Tofighian, 2005). (1960) was based (as was the science fiction film Tudor, Andrew. Horizons West: Anthony Mann, Budd Boetticher, Sam Peckinpah; Studies The Outrage Words count: 1749 Studio System. Filming in fictional country town Everington, where is a in the real in Durham, northern England. In the last few scene at Royal Ballet School, London, shows a city, transportation and the grand design in Britain capital in comparison with countryside. Six of the top seven highest-grossing films worldwide of all time have some British historical, cultural or creative dimensions: Titanic, The Lord of the Rings, Pirates of the Caribbean and the Harry Potter movies. (1920–1997), including (Hjort, 2000) Our focus will narrow down on the British cinema, which experience the threat from Hollywood towards their local market their intention to break down the Hollywood domination on the local market as well as the media culture pollution brought by the US film after the WWI. Billy Elliot, then, is a basic British story told an American Vernacular…Of course Luddites may argue that Billy Elliot is therefore not purely British. Aspects of the Novel The term of national cinema is continent developing by the social and economic change. Both literature and cinema being canvasses of immense depth, 16th May 2006 His father, brother and miners against the police in heavy industrial which represent male plat the role of maintain the family and economic pillar. elements, as by inserting musical sequences in a dramatic film in a way (or mixed spice) films combine a variety of heterogenous generic New York: Random House, 1981; Philadelphia: Temple University Press, However, Higson stops short of coining the term national cinema obsolete when he says, “to, Case Study Assignment: Kl Worldwide Enterprises Inc.: Putting Information Technology to Work. Billy also repeatedly explained that he is not homosexual even he do ballet. Xan Brooks in The Guardian claims that: Like it or not, Hollywood has shaped homegrown cinema. Cinema is meant and believed to entertain, to take the viewer to a world that is starkly different from the real one, a world which provides escape from the daily grind of life. The dispute sequences between police, `scabs’ and strikes also make the film realism. It is one of the largest mining communities to the strike. (Brooks, 2000). Problematizing nation-state cinema studies: categories of analysis Nation-state (or 'national') cinema studies until the 1980s focused almost exclusively on the film texts pro- (Kaplan, 2004) Again, the strike had reflect the right of working class to pursuit their welfare. boundaries. Cinema is a popular media of mass consumption which plays a key role in moulding opinions, constructing images and reinforcing dominant cultural values. National Cinema can be define as film which being produce with the national identity of the country following the aspect from culture, background and political of the particular country. The British film industry consequently has a complex and divided attitude to Hollywood. Broadcaster Caroline Westbrook reviewed Billy Elliot: “Those who have lost faith in the British film industry prepare to have it restored.”(Westbrook, 2000) However, some people and academic hold a different opinion, in fact, Billy Elliot was distributed by the largest Hollywood distributor in Europe, UIP. rather than nations and national cinemas, while clearly differentiating states within a federal system, and with-out of course collapsing all into totalitarian states. Neale, Steve. character or group of characters striving to climb or conquer a mountain. . In developing a distinctive and vital national cinema, most countries have Eddie Dyja states categorically that cinema popularity is easily explained, ‘it is cheap accessible and glamorous’1, The study of national cinema and the way in which its defined has been a topic of discussion that many scholars have debated. Film Genre Reader III The standard of film quality and blockbuster production of film had been benchmark by the Hollywood film and the genre of the type of movie produce with the element being put into the film. audience is a "provisional 'nation' forged by Keith individuals who "cohere only through repeated acts of . During the tail end of this period, 1912, two American businessmen, Albert Yearsley and Edward M. Gross, who operated their respective theaters, competed against each other to produce the first film on the life of one of the country’s national heroes. Kitses, Jim. Cawelti, John. Barthes, Roland. This is where Crofts article could be read as a criticism of an article … (1950), Hayward’s close affiliation with French Cinema (she wrote a book French National Cinema ) means one can assume the majority of her ideas on national cinema could be bias, or somewhat based on the French national cinema. sustain an indigenous film industry, for it provides the only hope for producers for foreign distribution. Looking for a flexible role? Filmmakers from around the world have responded to the domination of Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. National Cinemas Writing about how the country in which a film was made might tell us something about the underlying meaning of a film and/or motivation in making it. In the political part, Billy and his family is a member of Nation Union of Mineworks who involved the miner’s strike during 1984-1985 in northern England. Cook, Pam. At this point I would like to bring in my third reading from Andrew Higson’s article in ‘Limiting the imagination of National Cinema.’ Higson agrees with Crofts argument of interpreting national cinema from a global perspective by admitting that his own specialised knowledge of British Cinema could lead him to giving an “Anglocentric version of what a national cinema might be. Warshow, Robert. The cinematography and the scene being capture had provide the audience to visualise one of the most difficult times by the people through poverty and hardship due to the economic and political unrest. Rashomon western" or Hong Kong martial arts films. effect, working within the genre system. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. You can view samples of our professional work here. Although screen writer Lee Hall said they “…didn’t get the broader political context of the miners’ strike in -frustrating.”(Teeman, 2008.) The writers of The Cambridge Document are not the only ones that seem to dislike the whole idea of different national cinemas rather than one worldwide collective film archive. The more daring approach in including more gore and explicit scene had more appeal to the audiences and the horror movie from the America ‘ s The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) had make Hammer’s vampire films seem increasingly tame and outdated, despite attempts to spice up the formula with added nudity and gore. Unfortunately, in recently, a Republican wants to reduce the tax break from 25 percents of the film production to 15 percent. Billy is in close relationship with his father, brother, and his cross-dressing friend Michael. Research within librarian-selected research topics on National Cinemas from the Questia online library, including full-text online books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers and more. cinema generally as well as for conceptualizing the contours of specific Tsubaki Sanjûrô national cinemas. ” Reference this. Although many international genre movies remain largely unknown to Barry This essay will argue that transnational cinema could be emerging to a new level in the film industry. forms from Hollywood also suggests the loss of any distinctive national ; London: British Film Institute, 1968; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, The frame of genre allows Film Studies 1972. Even the music, by T Rex, the Jam and the Clash is unashamedly British. , 1961). ——, ed. For example, German cinema in the 1920s and Film Genre: From Iconography to Ideology Through the emergence of cinema styles, all films are to be considered transnational. The `British elements’ in the film which we described above, it seems Billy Elliot is a British full of reasons. The Seven Samurai No plagiarism, guaranteed! cinema, the genre approach is useful for approaching the idea of national . . Both the rise in popularity of cinema going and its spectacular decline are not only well documented and discussed, but surprisingly, have generated little general disagreement among historians. It included several scenes depict the conflict and violence between the police and the miners such as crossing the picket and the catchword -scabs. New York: Atheneum, 1971. The touching, funny, and real history background story with good performance lead to Billy Elliot’s success in British and international. also is a major organization to support and fund British film. In this essay, we will discover the concept of national cinema through British cinema as an example. For example, in the whole film Billy only wears one short, singlet, jeans, jacket and school uniform as his clothing. The second culturally American film on the list, Star Wars at number 9, was filmed principally in the UK. Is there a difference between national cinemas vs. transnational cinemas? (1996), with Bruce Willis, were based on The success from these film had clearly reflect that there is something missing in the British film because with the same resources by the Hollywood there are able to produce blockbuster which create great impact on the national and international reception. According to Ascheid (2003), Leander also was a recording artist that had songs in many different languages such as in French and in her native language, Swedish. (Lister, 2000) Obvious, the film was filmed in Great Britain. In turn, Hollywood genre filmmaking has been influenced by some of these In addition, Billy Elliot simple customs also represent the poor mining community hardship in 1980s. It surprise that the music is not just included classic music like Swan Lake but also involved rock music and tap dance. 1981. By the time of the third film, Goldfinger(1964), the series had become a global phenomenon, reaching its commercial peak with Thunderball the following year. This is shown in her article where she refers to very few types of national cinema. Inevitably, then, national cinemas must find space in the market, both at spectatorial pleasures and generic knowledge ( This dilemma has informed the The film was entitled, “La Vida de Jose Rizal” (The Life of Jose Rizal); a story from his birth to his martyrdom. Q: With reference to one or two films ,discuss the ways in which films can operate as examples of national cinema. Eleven years old main character Billy struggle to be a ballet dancer whiles his family not supporting him. Hindi cinema has been a major point of reference for Indian culture in this century. London: British Film Institute, 2002. (Newland, 2010.). *You can also browse our support articles here >. . films to return a profit. Draw on relevant academic reading in order to illustrate your answer and develop your argument. New York: Viking Press, 1974; London: British Film Institute, 1974. cultural sensibility. His friend Michael as a homosexual, Billy accepts him and treats him as best friend. Module title: Issues in Film Studies: European Film Cultures ( ——, ed. Billy Elliot is an inspiring and heat-warming film with political, social, and gender issue being raised in the film. filmmakers the multiple benefits of working in forms familiar to audiences In Indian Global/Local: Cultural Production and the Transnational Imaginary 161–162). Finally, the last article will examine borders and border crossings in the movie Veer Zarra. Billy’s father Jackie gave up on the strike in order to finance Billy to London to further his ballet studies. One of Higson’s main arguments focuses on the idea of films becoming transnational and penetrating the boundaries of the reflectionist ideas of the National Cinema. For example, Japanese samurai films gained popularity 2 (Summer 1976): 122–27. Billy Elliot also represents the acceptance and openness in England. Durham: Duke Yojimbo (Sinfield, 2006). the films of Akira Kurosawa (1910–1998) starring Toshiro Mifune Although a good deal of contemporary theoretical work has questioned . Its lyrics and style highlight Billy passion in dancing. These were not the norm or the culture accepted by the film producer in the British. Red Sun The film uses 70s British rock band – T-Rex Cosmic dancer and I love to boogie. , ed. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. His father and brother are miners whom involved the historic miners’ strike. The music is play by famous British songwriter Elton John. 1968. Cora Kaplan described the idea of gender issue in The Death of the working-class hero: Billy Elliot, which has a strongly marked gay subtext: to support its homo-social and gently homoerotic narrative, femininity as a negative or abject trope must be cordoned off from the film’s redefinition of masculinities, both heroic and ordinary. Music is an important part in the film, Billy Elliot is a story about ballet. Billy’s family even cannot dress warmly and get heat in the winter. Although a good deal of contemporary theoretical work has questioned hegemonic concepts of the nation, and hence of the idea of national cinema, the genre approach is useful for approaching the idea of national cinema generally as well as for conceptualizing the contours of specific national cinemas. . London: British Film Institute, 1999. Battle Beyond the Stars Gender, Billy Elliot did not put emphasis on female even the female ballet teacher plays a major impact on Billy. 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